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calc/galvanic: Improved list of electrochemical materials and added dynamic text contrast

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- Added additional materials to the galvanic table
- Improved with ITU-R BT.709 dynamic text contrast calculation for better readability
- Improved inline comments and electrochemical annotations
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David Rees 2025-06-04 20:38:50 +10:00
parent b70f2269cb
commit fce444a227
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1 changed files with 192 additions and 24 deletions
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216
pcb_calculator/calculator_panels/panel_galvanic_corrosion.cpp
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@ -26,9 +26,23 @@
wxString galvanic_corrosion_help =
#include "galvanic_corrosion_help.h"
extern double DoubleFromString( const wxString& TextValue );
// Return ITU-R BT.709 luminance text colour contrast (white or black) for a given background.
static wxColour getContrastingTextColour( const wxColour& aBg )
{
int r = aBg.Red();
int g = aBg.Green();
int b = aBg.Blue();
// ITU-R BT.709 luminance
double luminance = 0.2126 * r + 0.7152 * g + 0.0722 * b;
return ( luminance < 140.0 ) ? *wxWHITE : *wxBLACK;
}
CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY::CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( const wxString& aName, const wxString& aSymbol,
double aPotential )
{
@ -43,30 +57,186 @@ PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION::PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION( wxWindow* parent, wxWindowID
PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION_BASE( parent, id, pos, size, style, name )
{
m_entries.clear();
// Galvanic electrode potentials in volts, relative to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE).
// More negative values indicate anodic (less noble, more likely to corrode) behavior.
// More positive values indicate cathodic (more noble, corrosion-resistant) behavior.
//
// This table initializes m_entries with validated single-potential values drawn from
// authoritative engineering sources, including:
// - MIL-STD-889D (DoD Standard Practice: Dissimilar Metals)
// - NASA-STD-6012 (Materials and Processes for Corrosion Control)
// - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (pure metals, lab conditions)
// - ASM Handbook, Volumes 2 and 13C (material behavior and alloy data)
// - EN 50310 (electrical bonding and earthing potentials)
//
// All values assume standard conditions (approximately 25 °C) and aerated seawater exposure.
// For passivated metals, passive film stability is assumed. Where applicable, the copper
// electrode (Cu) is defined as the zero reference potential.
//
// Notes on solders:
// - Tin-lead solder alloys such as Sn63Pb37 and Sn60Pb40 have potentials similar to tin (~+0.23 V),
// but slightly lower due to lead content.
// - These alloys remain in use for aerospace, defense, and critical legacy systems
// where tin-whisker suppression is essential.
// Noble, extremely corrosion-resistant; used in aerospace-grade plating
// Ref: NASA-STD-6012, CRC Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Rhodium" ), "Rh", -0.60 ) );
// Noble, cathodic; stable in seawater environments
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Platinum" ), "Pt", -0.57 ) );
// Noble; used in hybrid microcircuits and plated contacts; Pd black value
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Palladium" ), "Pd", -0.50 ) );
// Highly noble; stable under most atmospheric and marine exposures
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Gold" ), "Au", -0.44 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Titanium" ), "Ti", -0.32 ) );
// Molybdenum-stabilized austenitic stainless steel; passivated
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, NASA-STD-6012, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Stainless steel 316L" ), "X2CrNiMo17-12-2", -0.35 ) );
// Nickel–chromium–iron superalloy; oxidation-resistant
// Ref: NASA-STD-6012, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Inconel" ), "Inconel", -0.35 ) );
// Soft post-transition metal; tarnishes but forms a protective film
// Ref: CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Indium" ), "In", -0.34 ) );
// Passive titanium; forms stable oxide film; widely corrosion-resistant
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Titanium, passive" ), "Ti", -0.32 ) );
// Austenitic stainless steel (18-8); passivated condition
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Stainless steel 18-9" ), "X8CrNiS18-9", -0.32 ) );
// Noble metal; resists corrosion despite surface tarnish
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Silver" ), "Ag", -0.22 ) );
// Elemental liquid metal; seldom structural; included for completeness
// Ref: CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Mercury" ), "Hg", -0.22 ) );
// Electroless nickel with palladium and immersion gold finish; used in high-reliability PCBs
// Ref: IPC-4556, NASA-STD-8739.3, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "ENEPIG (Ni/Pd/Au)" ), "ENEPIG", -0.18 ) );
// Electroless nickel / immersion gold PCB finish; porosity-dependent
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D (Ni base), IPC-4552
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "ENIG (Ni/Au)" ), "ENIG", -0.15 ) );
// Stable passivated nickel surface; common in structural and PCB coatings
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Nickel" ), "Ni", -0.14 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Copper" ), "Cu", 0.0 ) );
// Conductive graphite or carbon ink; used in membrane switches and low-cost sensor interfaces
// Ref: ASM Handbook Vol. 13C, IPC Application Notes
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Carbon (Graphitic)" ), "C", -0.10 ) );
// Reference metal; zero potential in galvanic series
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Copper" ), "Cu", 0.00 ) );
// Copper–aluminium bronze alloy; more anodic than pure Cu
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 2
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Copper-Aluminium" ), "CuAl10", 0.03 ) );
// Common 60/40 brass alloy; moderately anodic to copper
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Brass" ), "CuZn39Pb", 0.08 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Bronze" ), "CuSn12", 0.2 ) );
// Used in precision contacts and PCB spring connectors
// Ref: MIL-HDBK-5, ASM Handbook Vol. 2
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Beryllium copper" ), "CuBe2", 0.15 ) );
// Tin-silver-copper alloy (SAC305); RoHS-compliant lead-free solder
// Ref: IPC J-STD-006C, NASA-STD-8739.3, ASM Soldering Materials
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Lead-free Solder" ), "SAC305", 0.15 ) );
// Tin-phosphor bronze; widely used in contact springs and connector terminations
// Ref: MIL-HDBK-5, ASM Handbook Vol. 2
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Phosphor bronze" ), "CuSnP", 0.15 ) );
// Tin-bronze alloy; structurally and electrochemically similar to Sn
// Ref: CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook Vol. 2
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Bronze" ), "CuSn12", 0.20 ) );
// Tin-nickel alloy plating; RoHS-compliant alternative to pure tin; mitigates whiskering
// Ref: IPC J-STD-006C, ASM Soldering Materials
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Tin-Nickel (Sn/Ni)" ), "SnNi", 0.21 ) );
// Sn63Pb37 eutectic solder; used in aerospace and high-reliability assemblies
// Ref: CRC Handbook, IPC J-STD-006C, NASA-STD-8739.3
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Solder 63/37 (Eutectic)" ), "Sn63Pb37", 0.21 ) );
// Sn60Pb40 solder; slightly more anodic due to increased Pb content
// Ref: CRC Handbook, IPC J-STD-006C, NASA-STD-8739.3
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Solder 60/40 (Leaded)" ), "Sn60Pb40", 0.22 ) );
// Pure tin; used in solders, plating, and legacy components
// Ref: CRC Handbook, IPC J-STD-006C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Tin" ), "Sn", 0.23 ) );
// Heavy metal; stable potential; often used in radiation shielding
// Ref: CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Lead" ), "Pb", 0.27 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Aluminium-Copper" ), "AlCu4Mg", 0.37 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Cast iron" ), "", 0.38 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Carbon steel" ), "", 0.43 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Aluminium" ), "Al", 0.52 ) );
// High-strength aluminum-copper alloy (2024-T3 family)
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 2
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "2xxx series Al alloy" ), "AlCu4Mg", 0.37 ) );
// Gray cast iron; nominal potential above mild steel
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, NASA-STD-6012
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Cast iron" ), "Fe-C-Si", 0.38 ) );
// Mild carbon steel in uncoated, aerated seawater conditions
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, EN 50310
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Carbon steel" ), "Fe–C", 0.43 ) );
// Chromated aluminium alloy (e.g., Alodine); used in EMI shield cans and structural enclosures
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, NASA-STD-6012
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Aluminium, chromated" ), "Al-Chromate", 0.50 ) );
// Pure aluminum with passive oxide layer; typical field potential
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, NASA-STD-6012
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Aluminium, pure, passive" ), "Al", 0.52 ) );
// Soft plating metal; used in fasteners and aerospace corrosion protection
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Cadmium" ), "Cd", 0.53 ) );
// Unalloyed iron in its active state; more anodic than steels
// Ref: CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Iron" ), "Fe", 0.535 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Chrome" ), "Cr", 0.63 ) );
// Passive chromium (trivalent); protective oxide layer assumed
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, CRC Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Chrome, passive" ), "Cr", 0.63 ) );
// Highly anodic metal; used in sacrificial anode systems
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Zinc" ), "Zn", 0.83 ) );
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Manganese" ), "Mn", 0.9 ) );
// Mild steel with zinc-plated surface; common in chassis screws and mounting hardware
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, ASM Handbook Vol. 13C
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Steel, zinc-plated" ), "Fe-Zn", 0.83 ) );
// Reactive transition metal; rarely used unalloyed
// Ref: CRC Handbook, ASM Handbook
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Manganese" ), "Mn", 0.90 ) );
// Most anodic structural metal in common use; sacrificial anode
// Ref: MIL-STD-889D, NASA-STD-6012
m_entries.emplace_back( CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY( _( "Magnesium" ), "Mg", 1.38 ) );
// Resize the table
m_table->DeleteCols( 0, m_table->GetNumberCols() );
@ -90,6 +260,7 @@ PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION::~PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION()
{
}
void PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION::ThemeChanged()
{
// Update the HTML window with the help text
@ -118,9 +289,9 @@ void PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION::SaveSettings( PCB_CALCULATOR_SETTINGS* aCfg )
aCfg->m_CorrosionTable.show_symbols = m_symbolicStatus;
}
void PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION::OnNomenclatureChange( wxCommandEvent& aEvent )
{
if( m_radioBtnSymbol->GetValue() )
{
m_symbolicStatus = true;
@ -187,39 +358,36 @@ void PANEL_GALVANIC_CORROSION::fillTable()
for( const CORROSION_TABLE_ENTRY& entryB : m_entries )
{
double diff = entryA.m_potential - entryB.m_potential;
int diff_temp = KiROUND( abs( diff * 84 ) );
value = "";
value << diff * 1000; // Let's display it in mV instead of V.
int diff_temp = KiROUND( abs( diff * 99 ) );
value = wxString::Format( "%.0f", diff * 1000 ); // display in mV
m_table->SetCellValue( i, j, value );
// Overide anything that could come from a dark them
m_table->SetCellTextColour( i, j, color_text );
wxColour aBg;
if( abs( diff ) == 0 )
{
m_table->SetCellBackgroundColour( i, j, wxColor( 193, 231, 255 ) );
aBg = wxColour( 193, 231, 255 );
}
else if( ( KiROUND( abs( diff * 1000 ) ) ) > m_corFilterValue )
{
if( diff > 0 )
{
m_table->SetCellBackgroundColour( i, j, wxColour( 202 - diff_temp,
206 - diff_temp,
225 - diff_temp ) );
aBg = wxColour( 226 - diff_temp, 226 - diff_temp, 246 - diff_temp );
}
else if( diff < 0 )
{
m_table->SetCellBackgroundColour( i, j, wxColour( 255 - diff_temp,
217 - diff_temp,
194 - diff_temp ) );
aBg = wxColour( 255 - diff_temp, 222 - diff_temp, 199 - diff_temp );
}
}
else
{
m_table->SetCellBackgroundColour( i, j, color_ok );
aBg = color_ok;
}
m_table->SetCellBackgroundColour( i, j, aBg );
m_table->SetCellTextColour( i, j, getContrastingTextColour( aBg ) );
m_table->SetCellAlignment( i, j, wxALIGN_CENTER, wxALIGN_CENTER );
m_table->SetReadOnly( i, j, true );
j++;
}